Yam is a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible plant with a long history of cultivation and consumption. Yam is rich in nutrition, contains active ingredients such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, and saponins, and has a variety of physiological functions.
The dry powder content of Chinese yam polysaccharide is about 7.4%~13.5%, mainly composed of mannose, arabinose, xylose, glucose, galactose and a small amount of fucose. Its components vary with different extraction conditions. The polysaccharide obtained by low-temperature extraction is mainly composed of mannose, and the polysaccharide obtained by high-temperature decoction is mainly composed of glucose. Yam polysaccharide has multiple functions such as enhancing humoral immunity, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, regulating gastrointestinal tract, and lowering blood sugar.
Polyphenols are important antioxidant substances in yam, the content is about 0.08%~0.11%. The study found that the order of total phenolic compounds was white meat yam>red meat yam>yellow meat yam, and the darker the meat color, the higher the total phenolic compound content of the yam. Since the total phenols are composed of three phenolic compounds, namely flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins, the change of polyphenol content in the growth of yam was studied, and it was found that flavonoids were the most important phenolic substances, accounting for more than 60%, mainly composed of cyanine Composition of ketones and flavonols. Both the fleshy part and epidermis of purple yam (Dioscorea alata) contain more flavonoids and other phenolic antioxidant substances, and the content of yam skin is relatively high.
Diosgenin is connected by spirosterane-type diosgenin and sugar chains by glycosidic bonds, accounting for 0.6%~1.0% in yam dry powder, and the highest content in the skin. Diosgenin can effectively alleviate hypercholesterolemia induced by high-cholesterol diet at animal level. Its mechanism of action is to increase bile secretion, relieve DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, reduce TC levels in plasma and liver, thereby inhibiting cholesterol absorption. In addition, diosgenin can significantly improve the cognitive impairment caused by aging and enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the body.
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